Abstract
To evaluate chewing and swallowing functions in women with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and investigate the position of the mandible and the hyoid bone as they are important structures in the development of these functions. Seventy women were evaluated in relation to TMD diagnosis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria, among them, 34 composed the study group (SG) with TMD and 36 took part in the control group (CG). Evaluation of the masticatory and swallowing functions was performed according to the Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores. Mandibular and hyoid bone position variables were measured by cephalometric analysis. TMD subjects showed a significant difference on tongue (p=0.03) and lip (p=0.04) posture during swallowing function, and a more frequent adoption of a chronic unilateral chewing pattern as well (p=0.03). Moreover, they presented a lower position of the hyoid bone in relation to the mandible (p=0,00). TMD presence resulted on a higher frequency of myofunctional alterations during masticatory and swallowing functions. A greater distance from hyoid bone to the mandible in addition with the presence of painful symptom can justify, partly, the atypical behaviors of the tongue and lips observed on TMD group. The TMD repercussion on alimentaires functions in a young age group justifies the importance of an earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in these individuals.
Highlights
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) involve a set of signals and symptoms represented by joint and/or muscle pain, limitation of mandibular movements, changes in muscle function during chewing, and presence of joint noise[1]
Considering the implications of the disorder on orofacial myofunctional performance, this study aims to assess chewing and deglutition in young women with and without TMD
The characterization of groups with and without TMD, considering age and (Body Mass Index) is shown in Table 1, in which no statistical difference is observed between the groups in relation to these variables
Summary
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) involve a set of signals and symptoms represented by joint and/or muscle pain, limitation of mandibular movements, changes in muscle function during chewing, and presence of joint noise[1]. It is possible that the concomitant presence of TMD and orofacial myofunctional alterations be related to chronic pain as a response to the perpetuation of craniomandibular symptoms for a prolonged amount of time[4]. Still concerning the modulation of chronic pain, individuals with TDM are more sensitive to pain due to flaws in the modulation of nociceptive stimuli at the central level. Hyperalgesia may increase susceptibility for the occurrence of orofacial myofunctional disorders in individuals affected by this condition[5]
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