Abstract
The global bandwidth shortage in the wireless communication sector has motivated the study and exploration of wireless access technology known as massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Massive MIMO is one of the key enabling technology for next-generation networks, which groups together antennas at both transmitter and the receiver to provide high spectral and energy efficiency using relatively simple processing. Obtaining a better understating of the massive MIMO system to overcome the fundamental issues of this technology is vital for the successful deployment of 5G—and beyond—networks to realize various applications of the intelligent sensing system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the key enabling technologies required for 5G and 6G networks, highlighting the massive MIMO systems. We discuss all the fundamental challenges related to pilot contamination, channel estimation, precoding, user scheduling, energy efficiency, and signal detection in a massive MIMO system and discuss some state-of-the-art mitigation techniques. We outline recent trends such as terahertz communication, ultra massive MIMO (UM-MIMO), visible light communication (VLC), machine learning, and deep learning for massive MIMO systems. Additionally, we discuss crucial open research issues that direct future research in massive MIMO systems for 5G and beyond networks.
Highlights
With globalization, present-day networks are facing high traffic demands, and to fulfill these needs, cellular systems are deployed within a few hundred-meter distances, and wireless LocalArea Networks (LAN) are placed almost everywhere
The need for an efficient cellular spectrum that can accommodate the tremendous surge in wireless data traffic is imminent
Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless access technology is the answer to this global demand
Summary
Present-day networks are facing high traffic demands, and to fulfill these needs, cellular systems are deployed within a few hundred-meter distances, and wireless Local. By the end of 2022, more than 90 percent of the traffic will come from cell phones This colossal amount of mobile data traffic is challenging to manage with the capabilities of previous wireless generation systems. The primary issue with the ongoing development of the wireless network is that it is dependent upon either increasing bandwidth (spectrum) or densifying the cells to achieve the required area throughput. These resources are rare and are reaching their saturation point within a few years. An efficient wireless access technology that can increase the wireless area throughput without increasing the bandwidth or densifying the cell is essential to achieve the ongoing demands faced by the wireless carriers.
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