Abstract
We revisit a singlet Majoron model in which neutrino masses arise from the spontaneous violation of lepton number. If the Majoron obtains a mass of order MeV, it can play the role of dark matter. We discuss constraints on the couplings of the massive Majoron with masses of order MeV to neutrinos from supernova data. In the dense supernova core, Majoron-emitting neutrino annihilations are allowed and can change the signal of a supernova. Based on the observation of SN1987A, we exclude a large range of couplings from the luminosity and the deleptonization arguments, taking the effect of the background medium into account. If the Majoron mass does not exceed the Q-value of the experiment, the neutrino-Majoron couplings allow for neutrinoless double beta decay with Majoron emission. We derive constraints on the couplings for a Majoron mass of order MeV based on the phase space suppression and the diminishing signal-to-background ratio due to the Majoron mass. The combination of constraints from astrophysics and laboratory experiments excludes a large range of neutrino-Majoron couplings in the mass range of intererest for Majoron dark matter.
Highlights
The observation of neutrino oscillations [1,2,3] gives evidence to at least two nonvanishing neutrino masses much smaller than the masses of the other standard model (SM) particles
As the SM still lacks an explanation for neutrino masses and their smallness, a large variety of neutrino mass generating mechanisms has been explored over the past years with the most popular one being the seesaw mechanism [4]
Heavy right-handed neutrinos suppress the masses of the left-handed neutrinos and offer a natural explanation for the smallness of the neutrino mass
Summary
The observation of neutrino oscillations [1,2,3] gives evidence to at least two nonvanishing neutrino masses much smaller than the masses of the other standard model (SM) particles. Heavy right-handed neutrinos suppress the masses of the left-handed neutrinos and offer a natural explanation for the smallness of the neutrino mass This mechanism requires neutrinos to be Majorana particles and leads to a violation of baryon-lepton number Uð1ÞB−L by two units. Constraints can be derived from laboratory experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay with Majoron emission. Work, we aim to perform a dedicated analysis of the constraints on the neutrino-Majoron couplings from SN data and neutrinoless double beta decay for Majorons in the MeV mass range.
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