Abstract
In a closed vacuum-dominated universe, the holographic principle implies that only a finite amount of information will ever be available to describe the distribution of matter in the sea of cosmic microwave background radiation. When z = 6 to z = 8, if information describing the distribution of matter in large scale structures is uniformly distributed in structures ranging in mass from that of the largest stars to the Jeans’ mass, a holographic model for large scale structure in a closed universe can account for massive galaxies and central black holes observed at z = 6 to z = 8. In sharp contrast, the usual approach assuming only collapse of primordial overdensities into large scale structures has difficulty producing massive galaxies and central black holes at z = 6 to z = 8.
Highlights
“Current theory predicts that galaxies begin their existence as tiny density fluctuations, with overdensities collapsing into virialized protogalaxies, and eventually assemble gas and dust into stars and black holes” [1]
Steinhardt et al [1] summarized data indicating that the current approach had difficulty accounting for massive galaxies and their associated central black holes at redshifts z = 6 to z = 8
To address the “impossibly early galaxy problem” of Steinhardt et al, this analysis treats our universe as a closed Friedmann universe, dominated by vacuum energy in the form of a cosmological constant, and so large that it is approximately flat
Summary
“Current theory predicts that galaxies begin their existence as tiny density fluctuations, with overdensities collapsing into virialized protogalaxies, and eventually assemble gas and dust into stars and black holes” [1]. To address the “impossibly early galaxy problem” of Steinhardt et al, this analysis treats our universe as a closed Friedmann universe, dominated by vacuum energy in the form of a cosmological constant, and so large that it is approximately flat. This is consistent with full mission 2015 Planck satellite observations [2] indicating that the universe is dominated by vacuum energy, spatially flat to a good approximation, with Hubble constant H=0 67.8 km ⋅ sec−1 ⋅ Mpc−1 , total matter density Ωm =0.308 , and baryonic density Ωb =0.048. The mass within the event horizon relates to the aggregate of halo m= asses by M H
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