Abstract
The current energy trend indicates a strong thrust toward transforming renewable energy as a major power source. To achieve this mission, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are indispensable. Although BESSs are expensive, cost reduction can be achieved by using BESSs for multiple purposes, such as load leveling, business continuity planning, frequency control, capacity market, arbitrage, and emergency power. In this paper, various applications of BESSs are classified. The possibility of achieving conflict-free combination of different applications is demonstrated. The total required energy storage capacity in Japan is estimated to be 150–200 GWh by 2030. The present status of NaS batteries for multipurpose use and new trends in battery-based businesses are introduced.
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