Abstract
The mass transfer coefficient in use so far, for the solute transport on the high-pressure side in reverse osmosis, is for the black-flow due to concentration polarisation from the wall (membrane interface) towards the center of the high-pressure channel. The correlations for it are borrowed from studies with non-porous ducts. However, the real net solute transport in reverse osmosis is in the same direction as permeation. A simple rate equation for this real solute transport has been derived, based on a new concept of mass transfer coefficient. It can be combined with rate equations for transport through the membrane to' yield overall mass transfer coefficients for reverse osmosis. Correlations for the new mass transfer coefficient based on dimensionless numbers have been theoretically derived and verified against experimental data. It has also been illustrated how, with this new concept, permeate salinity and flux can be computed in a simple and straightforward manner.
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