Mass suppression effect in QCD radiation and hadron angular distribution in jet* *Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (12235008, 12275156, 12275157, 12321005)

Abstract

The finite mass of the heavy quark suppresses the collimated radiations; this is generally referred to as the dead cone effect. In this paper, we study the distribution of hadron multiplicity over the hadron opening angle with respect to the jet axis for various jet flavors. The corresponding measurement can be the most straightforward and simplest approach to explore the dynamical evolution of the radiations in the corresponding jet, which can expose the mass effect. We also propose a transverse energy-weighted angular distribution, which sheds light on the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative effects in the radiation. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, our calculations show that the dead cone effect can be clearly observed by finding the ratio between the b and light-quark (inclusive) jets; this is expected to be measured at the LHC in the future.