Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of metals by laser ablation ICP-MS and metallomics of biomedical samples

Abstract

Trace metals are essential in life science and play a major role in biological processes. Knowledge of spatial distri- bution of metals and metal-containing proteins is fundamental for understanding the pathophysiology of metalloproteins, the impact of metal metabolism and metal-containing deposits in healthy brains and brains of patients suffering from neurological diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying metal imaging in biological and especially in clinical tis- sues. In most neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal metal deposition has been observed within the brain (e.g., in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Wilson diseases). Laser-induced mass spectrometry is a novel emerging analytical tool to generate two- and three-dimensional maps of the distribution of elements, isotopes and molecules in different systems. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is one of the most important inorganic mass spectrometric technique for solid materials and has been successfully applied to produce quantitative images of detailed regionally specific element distributions in thin soft tissue sections of biological and clinical samples. The spatial resolved BrainMet techniques (BrainMet - Bioimaging of Metals in Brain and Metallomics) developed at Research Centre Juelich have been created and established for metal distribution studies in thin biomedical cryosection and it can be employed for fundamental biomedical investigation of biochemical pathways up to single cell level and in future for disease diagnostics and neuroprotective therapies of neurological disorders.