Abstract
This study explores the detoxification potential of Corymbia citriodora plant extracts against aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1; 100 μg L−1 and AFB2; 50 μg L−1) in In vitro and In vivo assays. Detoxification was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by TLC and HPLC, respectively. The study was carried out by using different parameters of optimal temperature, pH and incubation time period. Results indicated that C. citriodora leaf extract(s) more effectively degrade AFB1 and AFB2 i.e. 95.21% and 92.95% respectively than C. citriodora branch extract, under optimized conditions. The structural elucidation of degraded toxin products was done by LCMS/MS analysis. Ten degraded products of AFB1 and AFB2 and their fragmentation pathways were proposed based on molecular formulas and MS/MS spectra. Toxicity of these degraded products was significantly reduced as compared to that of parent compounds because of the removal of double bond in the terminal furan ring. The biological toxicity of degraded toxin was further analyzed by brine shrimps bioassay, which showed that only 17.5% mortality in larvae was recorded as compared to untreated toxin where 92.5% mortality was observed after 96hr of incubation. Therefore, our finding suggests that C. citriodora leaf extract can be used as an effective tool for the detoxification of aflatoxins.
Highlights
Much emphasis has been focused on the control or elimination of these toxic metabolites in food grains and livestock feeds[8]
In the present study the aqueous extracts of Corymbia citriodora leaf and branch were evaluated for their ability to detoxify aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and AFB2
Degradation capability of plant extracts were qualitatively analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), which exhibited that in the presence of C. citriodora leaf extract(s), as compared to C. citriodora branch extract, fluorescence of recovered AFB1 and AFB2 was very weak and more incubation lead to more distinct decline in fluorescence
Summary
In the present study the aqueous extracts of Corymbia citriodora leaf and branch were evaluated for their ability to detoxify AFB1 and AFB2. Highest inactivation was observed at 60 °C At this temperature, respective control (water) showed 13.36% and 8.64% detoxification of AFB1 and AFB2 after 72 hrs of incubation, respectively. Toxin treated with C. citriodora leaf and branch extracts showed 99.56% and 85.21% detoxification of aflatoxin B1 while detoxification of aflatoxin B2 was 92.20% and 69.89% respectively, under same conditions This detoxification may be due to synergistic effect of heat and moisture[15,16]. Hajare et al.[20] worked on aflatoxin inactivation by using Ajwain seeds extract under optimized conditions According to his findings, highest inactivation was observed at 60 °C but further studies were conducted on 45 °C to eliminate the effect of heat and moisture on toxin inactivation.
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