Abstract
Response to natural selection and to visual mass selection for anther extrusion and seed set and their possible effects on several agronomic and seed quality traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated in F3 to F7 bulk populations from six R/B (restorer/cultivar) crosses, one R/R (restorer/restorer) cross, and one A/R (male sterile/restorer) cross. All populations had a male sterility inducing cytoplasm, either Aegilops speltoides Tausch, Triticum zhukovskyi Men. & Er. or Triticum timopheevi Zhuk., and were segregating and heterogeneous for fertility restorer genes. Visual mass selection for anther extrusion in F3 and F5 generation bulks effectively increased the mean anther extrusion of successive generations. Relative to the original F3 bulk mean, this increase was 19% per cycle of mass selection. Neither natural selection nor mass selection for seed set increased anther extrusion. Two cycles of mass selection for anther extrusion or seed set did not cause significant adverse effects on heading date, plant height, grain yield, test weight, and grain protein percentage. A slight decrease in 200-kernel weight was noted.
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