Abstract
Mass Propagation of Plant Cells â An Emerging Technology Platform for Sustainable Production of Biopharmaceuticals
Highlights
Plants have been used as a source of natural compounds with unique chemical structures and wide range of biological activities since time immemorial, and to this day, 11% of the essential drugs for human application originate in plants [1]
Plant cell culture technology (PCCT) is a tissue culture technique that deals with large scale cultivation of plant cells under submerged conditions
Only limited number of PCCT have been successfully commercialized and the following PMPs are available on the market: anti-inflammatory drug shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon; anticancer drug paclitaxel from Taxus spp.; anticholinergic alkaloid scopolamine from Duboisia spp.; anti-inflammatory protoberberines from Coptis japonica; antiinflammatory phenolic rosmarinic acid from Coleus blumei; anticancer compound geraniol from Geramineae spp.; anticancer and antiviral agent podophyllotoxin from Podophyllum spp.; cardioprotective triterpene saponins mix Ginseng from Panax ginseng; tyrosinase inhibitor arbutin from Catharanthus roseus; and immunostimulant polysaccharides from Echinaceae spp. [13,14]
Summary
Plants have been used as a source of natural compounds with unique chemical structures and wide range of biological activities since time immemorial, and to this day, 11% of the essential drugs for human application originate in plants [1]. Mass propagation of plant cells, tissues, organs or genetically modified plants in a controlled environment can be viably up-scaled for commercial production of wide range biopharmaceutical as: plantmade pharmaceuticals (PMPs, including secondary metabolites and recombinant therapeutic proteins), plant-made vaccines (PMVs) and plant-made industrials (PMIs, including technical enzymes, antibodies, cosmetic active ingredients, food supplements and nutraceuticals) [3].
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