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Abstract
For more than four decades, mass of Abrikosov vortices defied experimental observations. We demonstrate a method of its detection in high-temperature superconductors. Similarly to electrons, fluxons circulate in the direction given by the magnetic field, causing circular dichroism. We report the magneto-transmittance of a nearly optimally doped thin YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-delta } film, measured using circularly polarized submillimeter waves. The circular dichroism emerges in the superconducting state and increases with dropping temperature. Our results confirm the dominant role of quasiparticle states in the vortex core and yield the diagonal fluxon mass of 2.2 times 10^8 electron masses per centimeter at 45 K and zero-frequency limit, and even larger off-diagonal mass of 4.9 times 10^8 m_e/cm.
Highlights
For more than four decades, mass of Abrikosov vortices defied experimental observations
Vortex mass in superconductors has been debated for over 50 years since its theoretical prediction by Suhl5, 4000 me/ cm for Nb, where me is the electron mass
In contrast to the plethora of theoretical predictions of the effective vortex mass in type-II superconductors, we are aware of only two relevant experiments, both supporting rather large values
Summary
For more than four decades, mass of Abrikosov vortices defied experimental observations. The limitations of today’s digital technology will likely be overcome by ultra-fast superconductive electronics[1], quantum circuits[2], and quantum information processing Such advanced electronic devices can operate within the framework of fluxonics taking advantage of intrinsic properties of superconducting vortices. In contrast to the plethora of theoretical predictions of the effective vortex mass in type-II superconductors, we are aware of only two relevant experiments, both supporting rather large values. In the case of fluxons, the cyclotron motion is induced by interaction with circularly polarized far-infrared laser light This interaction depends on the sense of circular polarization and manifests itself as a differential transmittance for clockwise and anti-clockwise polarized waves, known as magnetic circular dichroism. Our results support the theory of the fluxon mass developed by Kopnin and V inokur[19] and that of the Magnus force reduction by the factor of Kopnin and K ravtsov[20,21]
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