Mass in de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter Universes with Regard to Dark Matter

Jean-Pierre Gazeau

doi:10.3390/universe6050066

Abstract

An explanation of the origin of dark matter is suggested in this work. The argument is based on symmetry considerations about the concept of mass. In Wigner’s view, the rest mass and the spin of a free elementary particle in flat space-time are the two invariants that characterize the associated unitary irreducible representation of the Poincaré group. The Poincaré group has two and only two deformations with maximal symmetry. They describe respectively the de Sitter (dS) and anti-de Sitter (AdS) kinematic symmetries. Analogously to their shared flat space-time limit, two invariants, spin and energy scale for de Sitter and rest energy for anti-de Sitter, characterize the unitary irreducible representation associated with dS and AdS elementary systems, respectively. While the dS energy scale is a simple deformation of the Poincaré rest energy and so has a purely mass nature, AdS rest energy is the sum of a purely mass component and a kind of zero-point energy derived from the curvature. An analysis based on recent estimates on the chemical freeze-out temperature marking in Early Universe the phase transition quark–gluon plasma epoch to the hadron epoch supports the guess that dark matter energy might originate from an effective AdS curvature energy.

Highlights

IntroductionAccording to the Planck 2018 analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum [1], our Universe is spatially flat, accelerating, and composed of 5% baryonic matter, 27% cold dark matter (CDM, non baryonic), and
Some (Observational) Facts about Dark MatterAccording to the Planck 2018 analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum [1], our Universe is spatially flat, accelerating, and composed of 5% baryonic matter, 27% cold dark matter (CDM, non baryonic), and68% dark energy (Λ). (Cold) dark matter [2] is observed by its gravitational influence on luminous, baryonic matter
We view dark matter as a physical entity and we propose an explanation of its current existence as the remnant, after hadronization, of the zero-point energy of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) [7] due to an effective anti-de-Sitterian environment experienced by the QGP massive constituents existing at the so-called quark epoch, over about 10−12 s till 10−6 s after the Big-Bang and subsequent to the inflation

Summary

Introduction

According to the Planck 2018 analysis of CMB power spectrum [1], our Universe is spatially flat, accelerating, and composed of 5% baryonic matter, 27% cold dark matter (CDM, non baryonic), and. Alternative theories (e.g., MOND), which negate the existence of dark matter as a physical entity, have failed to explain clusters and the observed pattern in the CMB. We view dark matter as a physical entity and we propose an explanation of its current existence as the remnant, after hadronization, of the zero-point energy of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) [7] due to an effective anti-de-Sitterian environment experienced by the QGP massive constituents existing at the so-called quark epoch, over about 10−12 s till 10−6 s after the Big-Bang and subsequent to the inflation (over about 10−33 s till 10−32 s).

Mass and Symmetries

Minkowskian Content of dS and AdS Elementary Systems

Dark Matter as a Relic AdS Curvature Energy?

Discussion