MASS HOUSING CONSTRUCTION AND TYPES OF HOUSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM OF GREAT BAKU

Abstract

At the end of the twentieth century, the Azerbaijani Republic gained independence and, in this regard, began a new stage in the development of the country. With the advent of the outstanding statesman Heydar Aliyev to the leadership of the republic, and then Ilham Aliyev, the rapid development of the economy of Azerbaijan began. This entailed, along with the development of all areas of industry and agriculture, the development of the construction industry. Large-scale housing construction has begun in all cities and towns. Especially large-scale construction has begun in the city of Baku. At the beginning of the 21st century, as well as throughout the world, models of the future development of housing are emerging in Azerbaijan. Meeting the housing needs of people is a primary task of urban planning and architecture. According to the theses of «International Congress of Modern Architects» (SIAM), which were laid down in 1933 in «Athens Charter», the dwelling is subordinated to four main vital functions: work, life in home, rest, and transportation. Modern housing does not include only personal life; it is an essential and integral part of the overall social life process. A study of the process of life of the population clearly shows that all the functions of their vital activities are interconnected. This applies both to a person’s participation in the social production of material and spiritual values, to his participation in cultural life and to the restoration of his physical and spiritual strength. A complex life process requires an environment that functions as a system in which the apartment is only one of the elements.