Abstract
Learning ecosystems can benefit from mass collaboration where large numbers of minds collectively drive intellectual efforts to learn in the form of knowledge building and sharing. Mass collaborative learning represents a significant shift away from traditional teacher-centered approach towards a self-directed model in virtual communities in which contributing members take on creative roles to maximize their learning and that of their peers. In order to design, implement, and exploit such a learning approach, influencing constituents should be identified, and appropriate conditions need to be provided. This study aims to systematically review recent literature with a view to identifying relevant affecting constituents and success factors for mass collaboration and learning—namely, the type of organizational structures, collaborative learning techniques, adopted technologies, and methods for evaluating the quality of both members’ performance, and co-created knowledge. Therefore, 100 related papers are collected, and their findings are critically evaluated. The results of evaluation are then addressed and discussed.
Highlights
Significant advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet-based solutions that have arisen over the last few years have opened new avenues to collaborate massively in ways seemed impossible even a few decades ago
When large numbers of self-organized members actively participate in collective learning, they can help with saving money, creating a social spirit, increasing transparency, outcome ownership, and awareness, and harnessing cognitive surplus [1]
In order to compare these criteria and methods considered in Wikipedia with those proposed in collected papers, we summarized them in Table 14 along with brief explanations and respective references
Summary
Significant advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet-based solutions that have arisen over the last few years have opened new avenues to collaborate massively in ways seemed impossible even a few decades ago. There is a great shift from hierarchical collaboration towards online decentralized models. The number of people across the globe coming to take part in collaborative initiatives has increased to unprecedented levels. History shows that mass collaboration has been helping organizations and communities to potentially reduce the barriers of starting huge projects, and successfully leverage the resources, energy, skills, talents, and knowledge. When large numbers of self-organized members actively participate in collective learning, they can help with saving money, creating a social spirit, increasing transparency, outcome ownership, and awareness, and harnessing cognitive surplus [1]. Mass collaboration is a promising approach for agile knowledge creation and sharing. This fascinating phenomenon in education and learning was successfully proven by Wikipedia
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