Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex set of conditions that impacts 34 million Americans. While type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes are most frequently encountered, there are many other types of diabetes with which healthcare providers are less familiar. These atypical forms of diabetes make up nearly 10% of diabetes cases and can masquerade as type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM), and the treatment may not be optimized if the diagnosis is not accurate. Atypical forms include monogenic diabetes (formally known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]), latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA), ketosis-prone diabetes, and secondary diabetes. This paper will detail the defining characteristics of each atypical form and demonstrate how they can masquerade astype 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellituswill not be discussed in this article.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a complex set of conditions that impacts 34 million Americans
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are over 34 million Americans with diabetes mellitus, of which Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) makes up about 90% and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is less than 5% [1]
As discussed in this article, patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA) may be misdiagnosed with T2DM and continued on oral medications for a prolonged duration if appropriate diagnosis is not made early
Summary
Insulin is not needed remission for months to years after immediately, earlier presentation of complications initial episode, main subtypes. Secondary diabetes Often diagnosed after the age of , presence of chronic. C-peptide is within normal range recurrent pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis, no autoimmunity but insulin is not produced sufficiently, insulin is necessary. KPD, ketosis prone diabetes; LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult; MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of the young; T DM, type diabetes mellitus; T DM, type diabetes mellitus. Atypical forms of diabetes and how they can masquerade as T1DM or T2DM
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