Abstract
It is necessary to recognize masonry domes’ behavior under gravity loads in order to strengthen, restore, and conserve them. The neutral hoop plays a crucial role in identifying the masonry dome’s behavior to distinguish between its tensile and compressive regions. When it comes to determining the neutral hoop position in a dome with the same brick material, in addition to determining the dome’s curve and thickness, the support condition located on the boundary line is a significant parameter that has received less attention in the past. Therefore, this research aims to comprehensively define masonry dome behaviors based on the support condition’s effect on the masonry dome’s behavior, in addition to thickness and curve parameters, by determining neutral hoop(s). The method is a graphical and numerical analysis to define the sign-changing positioning in the first principal stress (hoop stress), based on the shell theory and extracted from a finite element method (FEM) Karamba3D analysis of a macro-model. The case studies are in four types of supports: condition fixed, free in the X- and Y-axes, free in all axes (domes placed on a drum), and free in all axes (domes placed on a pendentive and a drum). For each support condition, twelve curves and four varied thicknesses for each curve are considered. Results based on the dome’s variables show that, in general, four types of masonry domes behavior can be identified: single-masonry dome behavior with no neutral hoop; double-masonry dome behavior where all hoops are compressive with a single neutral hoop; double-masonry dome behavior where hoops are compressive and tensile with a single neutral hoop; and treble-masonry dome behavior with double neutral hoops.
Highlights
Domes are among the most crucial building elements that have had a robust semantic and physical application for a long time
There are double neutral hoops in fixed support and free in all axes, and there is a single neutral hoop in the other types of support;
The support is an important part of domes that helps to protect against the gravity loads responsible for transferring vertical and horizontal loads from the dome, but the way in which the force is transferred from the dome to the underlying structure affects masonry domes’ behavior
Summary
Domes are among the most crucial building elements that have had a robust semantic and physical application for a long time. In the analysis of masonry domes, at first, the static behavior (gravity load is the most important and most effective static load) is evaluated in general. The dynamic behavior is examined from different aspects, such as seismic analysis of the dome. The behavior of masonry dome structures consists of two categories, mono- and bidimensional. The dome is examined in two dimensions based on independent arches’ behavior. The dome forces are analyzed only from the meridian path. In a bidimensional analysis, the dome behavior is performed in three dimensions based on meridian and hoop forces. In this manner, the double-masonry dome behavior is visible through a specific hoop. Hoop forces are divided by superior hoops compressed from tensile hoops downwards [4]
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