Masonry Arch Technology Mortar Joint Control Method and Stress Analysis

Abstract

The arch is the most commonly used in wood structure building form China in ancient architecture, the technical requirements and unique characteristics of Chinese space is an important part of ancient architecture.In this paper, through some simple calculation formula, simply introduces the masonry arch, summarizes the application scope of arch of the technical characteristics and masonry arch technology in the China. The development of the arch structure The building with the arch type structure is mainly built of brick, stone or adobe material。 Cross space structure of brick masonry from bond with these materials, not only covers the lower space, but also played a role in supporting the enclosing walls,and on the roof. Arch technology first began in the 4000 BC in Mesopotamia Area, and had a large-scale application in the ancient buildings in Rome.In order to cross bending force into pressure in the space structure , and Brick arch shaped.Multi arch parallel constitutes a barrel arch form, and will each arch masonry are mutually staggered, constitute one connected in the structure of the longitudinal barrel arch.A layer of flat brick or stone in the brick arch , makes the arch structure stronger .The Song Dynasty call this layer of masonry ”Jiao Bei”, the Qing Dynasty called ”Fu”。The heavy structure of the upper load is need to use several layers of arch and ”Fu” overlapping sets, in order to enhance the strength of the structure. The curvature of the arch structure issue early slowly,Rise and arch span ratio is less than 0.5,Then the high span ratio become 0.5 arch, forming a standard semicircular arch.Since the Ming Dynasty, with the development and popularization of the technology of masonry, building arch technique also improves.High span ratio greater than 0.5 (three heart arch) has been more common.Provisions in the Qing Dynasty engineering in the form of building arch high span ratio is 0.55.The higher proportion of arch form, not only the stress is more reasonable, and the vision is very stretch and suitable, appropriate examples is combined with the structure and shape proportion of Art. Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 174 Simple Arching method of double heart round masonry arch Cave, culvert or courtyard gate building, often using the way of masonry arch .Top of Double heart round arch is slightly higher than the top of the semi-circular arch.The specific practices are as follows: In order to make the top of arch slightly pointed than the semicircular top , Can take a short distance respectively in the bottom edge of the midpoint(the midpoint circle diameter,hypothesize the center is O) on both sides of the semicircle arc, And make the O1O equal to O2O( The dashed line is the semi-circular arch In the following illustration), and with O1B as radius , centered on O1 to draw the right half arc BC. then with O2A as radius, centered on O2 to Draw the left half arc AC. According to the arc AC and BC masonry arch.This can get a parabolic arch shape.If you want to make the top of the arch more pointed, can make O1O and O2Olarger; On the other hand, can make the O1O and O2O shorter.In addition to the double heart round ticket, commonly used stamps shape are round, round three heart and parabola form. Mortar joint control of the Arch masonry Use common brick masonry arch, in addition to guarantee the radian of arch, ensure the strength of the masonry mortar and mortar plumpness, an important one, is to strictly control the uniformity and size in the masonry mortar joint.Different from ordinary brick clay brick masonry arch construction, the requirements of vertical mortar joint, which is an isosceles trapezoid shape basically the same size.Experienced bricklayer,in mortar joint control of the Arch masonry mortar joint control of the flue or tunnel kiln, etc.,often use mention seam practices, there is some truth.However, if improper operation is easy to cause uneven mortar joint. The results directly affect the quality and appearance of the arch masonry. Fig2:Double circle arch practice Fig1:Three circle arch practice Fig3:Masonry arch camber sketch