Abstract
Optical properties of electrochromic (EC) materials can be reversibly changed under applied voltages through electrochemical redox reactions. Prussian blue (PB) is a well-known EC material that changes color from blue to colorless and transparent, and vice versa. Fine patterning of PB particles on a transparent substrate could lead to the development of a high-quality display device with very low energy consumption. In this paper, a maskless patterning technique using a focused electron beam is described, and the effects of the accelerating voltage and the electron dose are studied. The results show that the micropatterning of PB particles is achieved at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV and at electron doses of 10–100 C/m2. Reversible changes in color were observed between blue and colorless–transparent after the patterning of PB particles.
Highlights
Optical properties of electrochromic (EC) materials can reversibly change under applied voltages as a result of electrochemical redox reactions
In the first step of the experimental procedure, Prussian blue (PB) particles were deposited onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by dropping PB dispersion
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows a cross-sectional layer of PB particles; the sample was tilted for the measurement of the layer thickness, which was approximately 100 nm
Summary
Optical properties of electrochromic (EC) materials can reversibly change under applied voltages as a result of electrochemical redox reactions. This optical change is induced by a small electric current at low potentials in the range of less than a few volts.. PB has a cubic framework and a chemical formula of Fe(III)4[Fe(II)(CN)6]3 In this crystal, Fe3+ ions form a face-centered-cubic lattice, and Fe2+ ions are located at the midpoints of each side of the cube. K4Fe(II)4[Fe(II)(CN)6]3 (colorless): This material exhibits a fast EC response of less than 100 ms and a long lifetime, which exceeds 5 × 106 times repetition.2 Another advantage of PB is that it has various analogs [Prussian blue analogs (PBAs)]. PB particles were patterned through a simple method using a focused electron beam without masks or several steps of chemical treatment; the effects of the electron beam conditions on the patterning resolution and EC characteristics were investigated
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