Abstract

Surface structures with nanoscale size and periodicity are important in controlling the flow of light as well as light-matter interaction. Fabrication of these periodic nanostructure requires sophisticated and expensive nanofabrication methods that limits large scale production of such structures. Laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) is a scalable and cheap method to create periodic structures. However, they suffer from lacking a long-range order. Here, we present a maskless fabrication technique of creating highly uniform subwavelength structures on nickel surface, using two collinear femtosecond laser beams at various temporal delays. Our femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures (FLIPSSs) show a high spatial uniformity with a grating period ranging between 320–350 nm. The high spatial uniformity is a consequence of using two pulsed beams with short inter-beam delay time due to reduction in the propagation length of excited surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The subwavelength period is due to grating splitting mechanism where the two beams sequentially interact with existing structures to create a superimposed grating. The demonstrated fabrication method enables large scale fabrication of regular sub-wavelength structures.

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