Abstract
There is a class of devices, masers and lasers which at first seem to fall outside the categories so far discussed. Their names, when properly explained contain the clue to what they really are. The word maser stands for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, and laser, stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Historically speaking the masers came first, in 1955. It turned out that this particular method of amplification of microwave had its most important application as an amplifier for very low level microwave radiation. Their sensitivity can be made to approach the limiting value allowed by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. The application of lasers ranges from communication to the tailoring trade; e. g. a laser beam can be made to cut out a pattern for a garment ready for sewing up. It is a versatile tool and the list of possible applications is not yet complete.
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