Martial law regime in Ukraine: administrative and legal aspects

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of administrative and legal aspects of the martial law regime. Considering the controversial nature of the concepts of “legal regime” and “administrative-legal regime” in the science of administrative law, a specific vision of the defining characteristics of the martial law regime is proposed. The system of normative legal acts aimed at its regulation is analyzed, the powers of the military command, executive authorities, military administrations, and local self-government bodies to introduce and implement measures of the legal regime of martial law are determined. Special attention is focused on the problem of restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens and the rights and legitimate interests of legal entities under martial law, which are applied in accordance with the Plan for the introduction and provision of measures of the legal regime of martial law approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. This Plan clearly distinguishes the measures of the legal regime of martial law; deadlines for their implementation; the body responsible for the implementation and provision of the event; and bodies involved in the implementation of event provision. The importance of the legislative prescription to immediately inform the UN Secretary General and foreign countries participating in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights about restrictions on the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, which is a deviation from the obligations under the International Covenant, the limit of these deviations and the reasons for making such a decision, the date of their termination and changes in the limit of deviations or the term of validity of restrictions on rights and freedoms. Attention is focused on the guarantees of legality in the conditions of martial law, to which the legislator includes the prohibition of changes to the Constitution of Ukraine, the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, as well as holding elections for the President of Ukraine, elections to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and local self-government bodies; conducting all-Ukrainian and local referenda; conducting strikes, mass meetings and actions. The justification of the position on the need to refer to guarantees of legality, in addition to the specified ones, as well as establishing clear grounds and procedures for restricting the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen; the duty of military command, military administrations, executive power bodies, and local self-government bodies to comply with the requirements of the law regarding respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; the existence of compensation mechanisms for damage or losses caused to a person within the scope of the regime; administrative responsibility for violation of regime rules.The measures of administrative responsibility for violating the rules of the martial law regime are characterized. Possible ways of solving problems arising during the implementation of measures of the martial law regime are proposed. Key words: legal regime, administrative-legal regime, goal of the regime, regime measures, administrative responsibility for their violation, subjects of the regime, guarantees of the regim