Abstract
For the fabrication of bulk near-net-shape shape memory alloys and porous metallic biomaterials, consolidation of Ti–Ni–Mo alloy powders is more useful than that of elemental powders of Ti, Ni and Mo. Ti50Ni49.9Mo0.1 shape memory alloy powders were prepared by gas atomization, and transformation temperatures and microstructures of those powders were investigated as a function of powder size. XRD analysis showed that the B2–R–B19 martensitic transformation occurred in powders smaller than 150μm. According to DSC analysis of the as-atomized powders, the B2–R transformation temperature (TR) of the 25–50μm powders was 18.4°C. The TR decreased with increasing powder size, however, the difference in TR between 25–50μm powders and 100–150μm powders is only 1°C. Evaluation of powder microstructures was based on SEM examination of the surface and the polished and etched powder cross sections and the typical images of the rapidly solidified powders showed cellular morphology. Porous cylindrical foams of 10mm diameter and 1.5mm length were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 800°C and 5MPa. Finally these porous TiNi alloy samples are heat-treated for 1h at 850°C, and then quenched in ice water. The bulk samples have 23% porosity and 4.6g/cm3 density and their TR is 17.8°C.
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