Markov Model Characterization of a Multicarrier Narrowband Powerline Channel With Memory in an Underground Mining Environment

Oluwafemi Kolade,Ling Cheng

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3072669

Abstract

The error distribution of multicarrier modulation in a narrowband powerline communication (PLC) channel with memory is presented for an underground mining environment. In the environment, the noise in the PLC channel originates from the mains switchboard and a blast control unit, connected to the powerline link. Using the error vectors measured from the channel, the memory channel model is obtained by training the measured data using a hidden Markov model and the Fritchman model for channel state classification. The channel with memory is modeled by considering the state transition probabilities between the current state and one previous state of the channel. The measured and modeled data are then compared in order to determine the suitability of the derived models. Using the error-free run distribution and probabilities of error of the modeled data, the modeled data match the measured data, validating the suitability of the derived models for an underground mining environment.

Highlights

Significant progress has been made in developing smart grids [1]–[4], such that uni- and bi-directional communication between the power utility and end users can assist with improving service delivery and efficiently managing power consumers
Communication is critical to obtaining information from humans, machines and sensors in areas considered to be within the last mile
The powerline communication (PLC) channel is considered a harsh channel for communication signals

Summary

Introduction

Significant progress has been made in developing smart grids [1]–[4], such that uni- and bi-directional communication between the power utility and end users can assist with improving service delivery and efficiently managing power consumers. Communication is critical to obtaining information from humans, machines and sensors in areas considered to be within the last mile Dynamic activities such as rock blasting, drilling and ore extraction occur. Conventional communication links such as optic fibre and wireless, which are reliable in above ground environments face challenges due to the harsh conditions underground. Power is not readily available to the wireless access points (APs), with APs running on limited battery power In such environment, where communication equipment is required to emit low radiation, propagate over long distances and use existing infrastructure to reduce installation costs, powerline communication (PLC) is recommended. The same power line used for powering machines and devices at the blasting face can be used for communication with minimal, additional installations

Methods

Results

Conclusion