MARKING OF SEEDLINGS AND HARVESTED WOOD IN DIGITAL MONITORING SYSTEM OF RUSSIAN FORESTS

Abstract

The traceability mechanisms of wood harvesting and supply chains, environmental crimes, illegal logging, as well as the marking of forests, have been the subject of research in the last decade by domestic and foreign specialists in various fields of knowledge, including lawyers, economists, engineers, etc. In the era of the development of digital technologies, their use significantly contributes to the effectiveness of the activities of control and supervisory and law enforcement agencies. However, it is still not possible to form a system of up-to-date data on the state of Russia's forests, eradicate the facts of illegal actions with wood, optimize the process of tracking supply chains and reduce production costs without reducing product quality. The article revealed differences in theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of «tracking system» in Russia and abroad. In addition, the analysis of the applied methods of marking harvested wood allowed the author to distinguish chipping using RFID - marks (radio frequency identification) as a modern method that allows not only to automatically identify an object, but also to exercise control over movement without providing direct visibility with it. In the conclusion of the article, the author presents a conceptual system for monitoring the state of the forests of Russia, formed on the basis of the EGAIS platform. It is also noted that the intended architecture of the system should have the ability to track the product in real time precisely in the forest, as well as outside it - from suppliers and manufacturers who can use this information to make business decisions. An ideal version of the functionality of the tracking system is presented as the ability of the consumer through a mobile application to obtain information about the product in accordance with the logic and logistics chain (from the place where the tree grows - the rock - the age of the cutting - the harvester - the manufacturer).