Abstract
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3), ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) were evaluated as potential live feed markers for feeding and nutrition studies with ¢sh larvae, by determining the uptake and depletion of markers over time in two trials, and quantifying ingestion of Y2O3-marked rotifers (Branchionus plicatilis )b y Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua ) in at hird trial. In the ¢rst two trials, Artemia nauplii and rotifers quickly took up markers within 10 min to concentrations useful for nutrition studies (42% dry weight). There was no signi¢cant diierence (P40.05) among temperatures in depletion of markers (10,15, 201C) with Artemia or rotifers. Depletion from rotifers was not signi¢cantly diierent (P40.05) between 5 and 20 min nor between 5a nd 30 min forArtemia when marked at a concentration of 50 mg of marker per litre of seawater. In the second trial, rotifers and Artemia were marked with a higher concentration (250 mg L 1 ) and allowed to deplete for a longer time (90 min). In the third trial, visual estimates of Artemia consumed by Atlantic cod larvae were similar to consumption estimates determined by analysis of Y2O3-marked Artemia using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (r 2 50.77).
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