Abstract
Background: Markers of ventilatory inefficiency during exercise, such as the VE/VCO2 slope and the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), have recently been shown to be strong predictors of outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). One of the mechanisms thought to underlie these abnormalities is ventilation-perfusion mismatching due to an impaired cardiac output (CO) response to exercise. Because CO is difficult to measure directly during exercise, this has not been tested directly. We employed a recently developed bioreactance technology to measure CO, and assessed the association between the VE/VCO2 slope, OUES, and cardiac performance during exercise.
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