Markers of inflammation in invasive treatment of coloractal cancer liver metastases

Abstract

Background. In 25–30% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who have no visible signs of metastasis at the time of surgery, metastases are detected within 5 years. Among the options for local treatment of metastatic liver lesions in patients with CRC, various resection options and minimally invasive methods, in particular radiofrequency ablation (RFA), occupy a prominent place. The inflammatory response caused by surgery is a factor that can negatively affect the course of tumor disease. The inflammatory responses of the body, as well as markers for their evaluation and prognosis in the treatment of CRC metastases, have not yet been sufficiently studied. Purpose – to study the dynamics of inflammatory markers in the invasive treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases to select the most informative markers for assessing and predicting the degree of inflammatory response. Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examination was carried out in 18 patients with CRC during the treatment of metastases in the liver, adenocarcinoma was determined in all patients during histological examination. The examination was carried out in three stages: the day before RFA or resection, on days 3 and 14 after the intervention. Serum levels of insulin and IL-6 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin were determined using an automatic biochemical analyser. Results and discussion. Markers of inflammation in patients with CRC with liver metastases after invasive intervention were identified. A significant increase in the levels of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and ferritin was detected along with an increase in the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) on day 3 after RFA and resection. The increase in IL-6 was 2-fold higher and the HOMA-IR index was 1.5-fold higher after resection compared with RFA. Patients after RFA showed an approach of indicators to baseline values on day 14 of the study, while CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and insulin levels in patients after resection decreased by only 20–30% at the same time same period. This is consistent with other studies. In particular, elevated CRP levels are considered as a risk factor for the appearance and progression of CRC.There is also evidence that in patients with operable CRC, preoperative IL-6 levels affect the risk of recurrence. Strong evidence suggests that ferritin is a key mediator of immune dysregulation through direct immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory effects. The accumulated data from the literature and our own results suggest the role of CRP, IL-6 and ferritin in postoperative inflammatory states as mediators and biomarkers of the further course of CRС, since their appearance identifies patients with a high risk of mortality, and timely or preventive correction of the inflammatory response improves their survival. Conclusions. The results of the study show that the most informative markers of the level of inflammatory response after RFA or surgical resection are the levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6 and ferritin. Moderate inflammatory reaction is shown in the early stages after RFA and pronounced and longer-lasting reaction after surgical treatment. Prediction, assessment of the degree of inflammatory reaction and the feasibility of anti-inflammatory therapy in the early stages after intervention can be determined by the complex of immunological, haematological and biochemical markers studied by us.