Abstract
Simple SummaryThis review is a summary of recent studies of genes, many of them involved in growth and reproduction, which can be used for distinguishing between species of the Anabantoidei suborder of fish, focusing on the Blue Gourami as a model species. This is important in both basic science and aquaculture applications. Markers of genetic variation between species are important for both applied and basic research. Here, various genes of the blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus, suborder Anabantoidei, a model labyrinth fish), many of them involved in growth and reproduction, are reviewed as markers of genetic variation. The genes encoding the following hormones are described: kisspeptins 1 and 2, gonadotropin-releasing hormones 1, 2, and 3, growth hormone, somatolactin, prolactin, follicle- stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, as well as mitochondrial genes encoding cytochrome b and 12S rRNA. Genetic markers in blue gourami, representing the suborder Anabantoidei, differ from those in other bony fishes. The sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of blue gourami is often used to study the Anabantoidei suborder. Among the genes involved in controlling growth and reproduction, the most suitable genetic markers for distinguishing between species of the Anabantoidei have functions in the hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and growth hormone, and the 12S rRNA gene.
Highlights
Genetic variability between the organisms refers to sequence differences between their genomes, part of which is reflected in the sequence of protein-coding genes
Polymorphisms in several enzymes can be utilized as a genetic marker for these Anabantoidei species belonging to Analysis of the 12S rRNA and Cytochrome b Gene Variations i the Perciformes [5,17]
The results show that Trichogster trichopterus Kiss2r’s amino acids sequence is very different from those of the species Tetraodon nigroviridis, Xenopus tropicalis, Scomber japonicus, and Gasterosteus aculeatus and closer to the species Danio rerio, Carassius auratus, and Dicentrarchus labrax
Summary
Genetic variability between the organisms refers to sequence differences between their genomes, part of which is reflected in the sequence of protein-coding genes. Biology 2021, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW water with low oxygen concentration involves laying eggs in a bubble nest which territorial by building a bubble nest and protecting it from other males In natural habitats, when there is a low density of mature males, they become territorial by building a bubble nest and protecting it from other males (Figure 2) [12,13]. The female swims under the bubble nest and spawns eggs into it. The female swims under the bubble nest and spawns male eggs returns it to the nest. If an egg falls out, the male returns it hatching to the(Figure nest. Polymorphisms in several enzymes can be utilized as a genetic marker for these Anabantoidei species belonging to
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