Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose a novel system that has an ability to detect intra-fractional motion during radiotherapy treatment in real-time using three-dimensional surface taken by a depth camera, Microsoft Kinect v1. Our approach introduces three new aspects for three-dimensional surface tracking in radiotherapy treatment. The first aspect is a new algorithm for noise reduction of depth values. Ueda’s algorithm was implemented and enabling a fast least square regression of depth values. The second aspect is an application for detection of patient’s motion at multiple points in thracoabdominal regions. The third aspect is an estimation of three-dimensional surface from multiple depth values. For evaluation of noise reduction by Ueda’s algorithm, two respiratory patterns are measured by the Kinect as well as a laser range meter. The resulting cross correlation coefficients between the laser range meter and the Kinect were 0.982 for abdominal respiration and 0.995 for breath holding. Moreover, the mean cross correlation coefficients between the signals of our system and the signals of Anzai with respect to participant’s respiratory motion were 0.90 for thoracic respiration and 0.93 for abdominal respiration, respectively. These results proved that the performance of the developed system was comparable to existing motion monitoring devices. Reconstruction of three-dimensional surface also enabled us to detect the irregular motion and breathing arrest by comparing the averaged depth with predefined threshold values.
Highlights
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), and StereotacticHow to cite this paper: Kumagai, S., Uemura, R., Ishibashi, T., Nakabayashi, S., Arai, N., Kobayashi, T. and Kotoku, J. (2016) Markerless Respiratory Motion Tracking Using Single Depth Camera
Intra-fractional motion is a movement during treatment due to respiratory motion, irregular motion, and physiological migration of organ
To confirm whether our system can distinguish the respiratory motions from irregular motions, we have examined our system with four different types of motions, thoracic respiration, abdominal respiration, breath holding, and body motion
Summary
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), and StereotacticHow to cite this paper: Kumagai, S., Uemura, R., Ishibashi, T., Nakabayashi, S., Arai, N., Kobayashi, T. and Kotoku, J. (2016) Markerless Respiratory Motion Tracking Using Single Depth Camera. Body Radiotherapy (SBRT), which are in common to deliver higher dose to a specific target, have become widely used techniques recently. If higher dose delivery to normal tissue occurs due to an irregular motion of a patient, this may cause the worse damage than that with the conventional radiotherapy technique. Realtime patient monitoring during radiotherapy treatment is essential for high precision radiotherapy. Patient motions are classified into two categories: inter-fractional patient motion and intra-fractional motion. Inter-fractional patient motion is a setup error or a reproducibility error of body contour between treatments. Intra-fractional motion is a movement during treatment due to respiratory motion, irregular motion, and physiological migration of organ. In prostate IMRT, changes in bladder and rectum filling volume cause the prostate intra-fractional motion [1] [2]
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