Marker molecules of lymphocytes in the diagnosis of immune-dependent disease

Abstract

One of the promising directions in modern immunology is the search, evaluation, and subsequent determination of the role of the most significant surface antigens expressed on immunocompetent cells in the implementation of a normal immune response and in pathology. The quantitative composition of leukocytes in peripheral blood is one of the factors for the successful implementation of their functional activity. Today, the flow cytometry method, which is widely used both in clinical and experimental immunology, makes it possible to analyze the activation processes of immunocompetent cells based on the identification of the main surface molecules, markers of the proliferative activity of immune system cells, apoptosis, and intercellular cooperation. HLA-DR cells are a marker of late and long-term activation of cells, they remain in the blood for a long time. Their study allows assessing the severity of the inflammatory process and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment: a dynamic decrease in this indicator indicates a decrease in the inflammatory response, while an increase shows the activation of the inflammatory process.