Abstract
Compounds adsorbed onto PM10 in the air near the cement plant were determined. Several side reactions that occur in the hot flue gas stream at the same time as the actual main reactions are also possible. This leads to the formation of traces of organic nitrogen compounds. For the GC/MS determination of polar organic compounds silylation as a derivatization method was used. Organic compounds detected are derivatives of sugars, sugar alcohols, and mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids. The composition is characteristic for pollution of the urbane atmosphere. Nitrogen organic compounds formed during the urea thermolytic process in hot cement kiln gases represent parabanic acid, 5-hydroxyhydantoin, 4,5-dihydroxyhydantoin, 5-oxoproline, and cyanuric acid. The inorganic part of aerosols detected includes oxyanions of sulfamic acid, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, and vanadate(V) with ammonium as a cation. Chemical compositions of particles are crucial to assess the health impacts since the biological responses to aerosols are not always linked with major constituents but rather with toxicologically potent minor components.
Highlights
Stationary monitoring networks use the mass concentration of PM2.5 or PM10 as the metric and particles are treated as toxic, without regard to their source and chemical composition.[1,2] Airborne particles vary in chemical composition, their solubility and reactivity, mass, size, number, shape and surface area depending upon the source and atmospheric processing
Our research suggests that to obligatory cement plant emission monitoring program further, more detailed investigation of the impact of emissions on the environment is strongly recommended
With the GC/MS analytical approach, the composition of organic compounds adsorbed onto dust particles sampled according to standard EN 12341 in the outdoor air near the cement plant was determined
Summary
Stationary monitoring networks use the mass concentration of PM2.5 or PM10 as the metric and particles are treated as toxic, without regard to their source and chemical composition.[1,2] Airborne particles vary in chemical composition, their solubility and reactivity, mass, size, number, shape and surface area depending upon the source and atmospheric processing. It is important to determine which components and sources of PM are most harmful since the identification of regulation targets can better protect human health
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