Abstract
Three rust diseases namely; stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are the most common fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cause significant yield losses worldwide including Australia. Recently characterized stripe rust resistance genes Yr51 and Yr57 are effective against pre- and post-2002 Pst pathotypes in Australia. Similarly, stem rust resistance genes Sr22, Sr26, and Sr50 are effective against the Pgt pathotype TTKSK (Ug99) and its derivatives in addition to commercially important Australian pathotypes. Effectiveness of these genes make them good candidates for combining with known pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR) genes to achieve durable resistance against three rust pathogens. This study was planned to transfer rust resistance genes Yr51, Yr57, Sr22, Sr26, and Sr50 into two Australian (Gladius and Livingston) and two Indian (PBW550 and DBW17) wheat cultivars through marker assisted selection (MAS). These cultivars also carry other rust resistance genes: Gladius carries Lr37/Yr17/Sr38 and Sr24/Lr24; Livingston carries Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, and Sr2; PBW550 and DBW17 carry Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 and Lr26/Yr9/Sr31. Donor sources of Yr51 (AUS91456), Yr57 (AUS91463), Sr22 (Sr22/3*K441), Sr26 (Sr26 WA1), and Sr50 (Dra-1/Chinese Spring ph1b/2/3* Gabo) were crossed with each of the recurrent parents to produce backcross progenies. Markers linked to Yr51 (sun104), Yr57 (gwm389 and BS00062676), Sr22 (cssu22), Sr26 (Sr26#43), and Sr50 (Sr50-5p-F3, R2) were used for their MAS and markers csLV34 (Lr34/Yr18/Sr57), VENTRIUP-LN2 (Lr37/Yr17/Sr38), Sr24#12 (Sr24/Lr24), and csSr2 (Sr2) were used to select genes present in recurrent parents. Progenies of selected individuals were grown and selected under field conditions for plant type and adult plant rust responses. Final selections were genotyped with the relevant markers. Backcross derivatives of these genes were distributed to breeding companies for use as resistance donors.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major food crops in the world and it is continuously threatened by several biotic stresses
Among the significant biotic stresses, rust diseases namely: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are the most common diseases of wheat worldwide
Gladius is a spring wheat cultivar that was cultivated in South Australia and is moderately resistant (MR) to stem rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible (MR-MS) to stripe rust
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major food crops in the world and it is continuously threatened by several biotic stresses. Among the significant biotic stresses, rust diseases namely: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. Tritici (Pst), are the most common diseases of wheat worldwide. Rust diseases have been causing significant economic losses to wheat production in Australia. Agronomy 2019, 9, 497 rust epidemic in the 1973–74 season caused economic losses of A$200 to 300 million [1]. Epidemics of stem rust and leaf rust in wheat crop in Western Australia in 1999 were estimated to result in A$50 million in losses [2]. Introduction of a new Pst pathotype in Western Australia has been continuously causing yield losses since its detection in 2002 [3,4].
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