Abstract
Plant breeders and geneticists use molecular marker-assisted selection also called as MAS as a useful approach for breeding of plant to make selection more efficient and speed up the breeding cycle. MAS can be more efficient, effective, and reliable than phenotypic selection. Molecular markers are useful to identify the economically important traits in the breeding population for further manipulation in a short time. Due to the applicability of markers at the seedling stage ensuring high precision at the reduced level of cost, marker-assisted selection offer the chances to improve responses from selection. The MAS using DNA level polymorphism accelerate the pace of selection. The main marker technologies applied are chiefly co-dominant markers i.e. microsatellite markers/SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) marker, RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) marker and SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms). This review overviews the various MAS technologies and their applications in crop improvement programs.
Highlights
Introduction to Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)Agricultural researches are being carried out with the primary aim of improving different crop species keeping in mind the desirable traits
There are several revolution and more sophisticated process, there is the need of introducing new molecular technology in our breeding scheme like Marker Assisted Selection which is more efficient than conventional breeding schemes (Lema, 2018)
It has been used for example, in the enhancement of heterosis for the grain yield in the B73xMo17 Elite Single Cross hybrid Maize and we can find successful example of MABC (Marker Assisted Back Crossing) and Forward crossing in maize (Abler et al, 1991)
Summary
Agricultural researches are being carried out with the primary aim of improving different crop species keeping in mind the desirable traits. For the formation of linkage map DNA markers are mainly used for diverse crop species and this linkage map is utilized for determining chromosomal regions that contain genes that control simple traits and quantitative traits using QTL 170 analysis (Mohan et al, 1997). The use of molecular markers has led to the improvement of important crop like rice (Mackill et al, 1999). It has been used for example, in the enhancement of heterosis for the grain yield in the B73xMo17 Elite Single Cross hybrid Maize and we can find successful example of MABC (Marker Assisted Back Crossing) and Forward crossing in maize (Abler et al, 1991).
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