Abstract
Il programma di miglioramento genetico per le resistenze a stress biotici ha avuto inizio presso la Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) nel 2010. Inizialmente è stata condotta una caratterizzazione sia genotipica che fenotipica di materiali acquisiti da altri programmi di breeding e di materiale selvatico raccolto in New Jersey. Sia i genotipi conosciuti nei database internazionali che i genotipi sconosciuti, imparentati e non, sono stati impiegati come linee parentali nel processo di introgressione e di piramidazione di loci di interesse. Una volta pianificati e ottenuti gli incroci, la valutazione delle progenie è avvenuta seguendo un processo di Marker-Assisted Selection: dapprima è avvenuta la selezione fenotipica in serra in base al tipo di malattia e al numero di loci attesi per la medesima malattia; successivamente si è proceduto con lo screening molecolare in base ai loci specifici attesi nei parentali. Cinque sono i loci Run/Ren associati alla resistenza all'oidio presenti nel programma FEM; riguardo ai loci associati alla resistenza alla peronospora, quattro Rpv sono ben rappresentati nel piano di incroci. Ad oggi il 26% delle F1 è piramidizzato per quattro loci di resistenza.
Highlights
Downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM) are the two most important plagues affecting viticulture
Given parent lines of the donors of resistance sources, the Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) approach is based on the tracking of resistance loci (R-loci) that contain genes associated with the resistance to pathogens [4]
The program of genetic improvement for resistance to biotic stresses, which began at the Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM) in 2010, has two objectives: the first is to develop new pathogen resistant varieties, with a high level of quality, that are ready for placing on the market, while the second is to develop resistance superdonors that act as more efficient parents for future breeding programs, releasing the resistance trait(s) to all the progeny
Summary
Downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM) are the two most important plagues affecting viticulture. & De Toni), while the second one by the ascomycete Erysiphe necator (Schwein.) Both reduce fruit quality and yield, either by direct infection of berries or as a negative result caused by leaf infections [1,2]. Their control is based on the massive use of fungicides, leading to problems such as environmental pollution and pathogen resistance development. Unlike in almost all of Vitis vinifera varieties, sources of genetic resistance against P. viticola and E. necator were identified in a range of American and Asian wild Vitis species and used in inter-specific breeding programs through backcrossing to obtain resistant genotypes with acceptable quality features and considerable mildew resistance characteristics [3]. The second FEM optimized Marker-Assisted Breeding (MAB) strategy is described
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