Abstract
The phonemic substitution errors of ten apractic speakers were analyzed to investigate the effects of markedness on speech production patterns. Results revealed that: more errors were produced on phonemes high in markedness; more changes in markedness were from marked to unmarked than unmarked to marked; and errors and directional changes in markedness were positively correlated with ease of articulation. The findings were interpreted as a systematic effort by the apractic speakers to reduce the complexity of articulatory gestures required to produce phonemes.
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