Abstract
BackgroundPopulation density, dispersion patterns, flight distances, and survival rate of vector mosquitoes are all contributors to vectorial capacity that may be estimated in a single experimental method: mark-release-recapture (MRR). In this study, these key parameters were measured for mosquito populations in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia.MethodsTwo mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments were carried out in Karama village to characterize seasonality differences, if any: wet season (December 2013, MRR1) and dry season (May 2014, MRR2). For both experiments, mosquitoes were marked according to release site/date and were released on four consecutive nights. Four sampling methodologies were utilized to enable recapture: human landing catches (HLCs), kelambu traps and barrier screens.Results98.7% of all catches were molecularly confirmed as Anopheles barbirostris. During the wet season, An. barbirostris demonstrated no preference toward endophagy. In the dry season, An. barbirostris demonstrated an endophagic preference. The duration of the feeding cycle for An. barbirostris was determined to be 5 days during the wet season and 3.7 days during the dry season, though an anomaly likely caused the wet season feeding cycle to be overestimated. The largest percentages of recaptured mosquitoes were collected in a single site during both seasons. The only significant relationship with mosquito dispersal was site of release and recapture. Finally, dispersal rates of An. barbirostris frequently ranged up to 800 m (the maximum measurable distance in this study) within a single day of release.ConclusionsThis study estimated key vector parameters for An. barbirostris an understudied species complex, in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Despite the length of the feeding cycle, the high indoor biting rates demonstrated by An. barbirostris in Karama suggest that the use of IRSs and LLINs, especially during the dry season, would have a substantial impact on the panmictic An. barbirostris population.
Highlights
Population density, dispersion patterns, flight distances, and survival rate of vector mosquitoes are all contributors to vectorial capacity that may be estimated in a single experimental method: mark-release-recapture (MRR)
In Karama, Indonesia 5098 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected during the first mark-release-recapture (MRR1) experiment and 2879 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected during the second mark-release-recapture (MRR2) experiment
Of the subset of specimens selected across the longitudinal dataset, molecular identification confirmed that 98.7% were An. barbirostris with the remaining 1.3% consisting of An. vagus, An. nigerrimus, An. peditaeniatus, An. bancroftii, An. kochi and An. sundaicus (Table 2)
Summary
Population density, dispersion patterns, flight distances, and survival rate of vector mosquitoes are all contributors to vectorial capacity that may be estimated in a single experimental method: mark-release-recapture (MRR). In this study, these key parameters were measured for mosquito populations in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. The use of rapid diagnostic tests and treatment using effective artemisinin combination therapy in response to chloroquine resistance in Indonesia has aided the nation’s reduction in malaria [1]. Elimination efforts are complicated by complex vector and human behaviors, such as vectors’ ability to maintain disease transmission by evading interventions (behavioral resistance), and by human behaviors related to use of interventions, including exposure both outdoors in the peri-urban space and broad vocational/movement related outdoor exposure
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