Maritime Ports and Inland Interconnections: A Transactional Analysis of Container Barge Transport in France

Abstract

Recent research on maritime ports hinterlands points out the relevance of mass ground transport modes such as barge transport for enormous flows of containers to and from harbours, especially when a maritime port is located at the mouth of a river. Though, the modal share of container barge transport in French maritime ports is significantly lower than elsewhere. Some reports and studies explain the viscosity of container barge transport flows as a result of several factors, generally concentrated around the seaport community. In continuation of previous seminal works, this paper adopts a neo-institutional approach (Williamson in The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. The Free Press, New York, [51], The Mechanisms of Governance. Oxford University Press, Oxford, [52]) of container barge transport to understand how the factors generating this viscosity are managed. Section 5.2 describes the characteristics of the transaction of container barge transport. Section 5.3 is devoted to its attributes (asset specificity, frequency, uncertainty). According to Williamson’s (The Mechanisms of Governance. Oxford University Press, Oxford, [52]) remediableness criterion, the observed governance structure of a given transaction is presumed efficient and aligned to its attributes. Thus, Sect. 5.4 deals with observed governance structures of container barge transport chains with a focus on Le Havre, main French container seaport and shows how agents try to limit opportunism in ex-post haggling over quasi-rents or under-investments. Implementation of a new institutional environment to modify governance structures is analysed, and a comparison with currently implemented governance structures observed in Rhine is made. Finally, Sect. 5.5 suggests ways of dealing with the remaining coordination problems impeding the development of container barge transport in France.