Abstract
Maritime cybersecurity threats are sharply growing. The safety and security of ports, ships, and offshore installations are increasingly threatened due to cyberattacks from numerous sources. With the increasing digitalization of the maritime sector during the global pandemic, the number of cyberattacks on the maritime industry exponentially intensified recently. Against this backdrop, this article critically analyses the existing IMO legal instruments to identify the scope for further development. This study is based on a doctrinal analysis of recent legal and technical literature and the relevant IMO legal instruments and documents. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of the IMO regulations for ensuring maritime cybersecurity. Although the IMO adopted some legal and policy instruments for maritime cybersecurity, the current international legal framework is inadequate for effectively dealing with maritime cybersecurity threats. This article argues that further initiative may be taken for an effective international legal reform through multidimensional cooperation involving State and non-state actors.
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