Abstract
Abstract : On September 11th 2001 the U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, Customs Service, Joint Forces Command, Pacific Command, Southern Command, North American Aerospace Defense Command, the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Treasury and the Department of Transportation found themselves lacking a structured command and control organization to protect 95,000 miles of U.S. coastline. On that day the United States had too many government departments, branches of the military, unified commands, component commands, and federal agencies trying to protect the United States with minimal interaction, directed authority or prior planning. Although major changes have occurred with the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security and the establishment of Northern Command (NORTHCOM) within DoD, the question remains: what is the most efficient command and control organization for maritime protection of the U.S. coastline against terrorist threats?
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