Abstract
Worldwide raising energy consumption demand gives a fast development of marine renewable energy (MRE). Here, we give a short overview on the risks and uncertainties that may affect the marine environment by these installations. Knowledge transfer from traditional offshore industries and the gain of new knowledge through environmental monitoring, applying old and new methods and standardised data collection will give further insights to understand changes induced by MRE on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Forecasting models for array effects will contribute to the indicating of MRE development respecting the environment.
Highlights
Political desire to mitigate the effects of climate change and meet the Sustainable Development Goals in a growing world economy with raising energy demand, fosters further development of and transition to all renewable energy
The development of marine renewable energy (MRE) sources will probably play a bigger role in contributing to the total energy supply
MRE installations are not fully integrated into marine spatial planning or ecosystem-based management, and adequate decisions and actions of MRE development is a challenge for national decision- and policy-makers
Summary
Political desire to mitigate the effects of climate change and meet the Sustainable Development Goals in a growing world economy with raising energy demand, fosters further development of and transition to all renewable energy. While an increased use of the marine space to satisfy energy demand appears highly probable, a variety of environmental impacts and risks have been identified for the MRE development and deployment [4]. The sea has been explored and used for the ocean industries, and marine life has been observed and studied especially in connection with fisheries (e.g. population dynamics, effects of fishing gear, and on species composition and interactions), shipping (e.g. vessels, shipping routes, shipwrecks) and offshore energy (e.g. oil, gas, wind).
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