Abstract
Formal and semi-formal networks are emerging as effective, collaborative, and adaptable approaches for addressing complex, rapidly evolving ocean governance issues. One such group of networks, which we refer to as marine-related learning networks, play multifaceted roles within ocean governance systems by facilitating knowledge creation, exchange, and dissemination, and by building the capacity of individuals and institutions to address problems and improve coastal and ocean governance. This study investigates the emergence, key attributes, and outcomes of marine-related networks using semi-structured interview data from 40 key informants representing 16 different networks that operate around the world at local, national, regional, and global scales. Our findings indicate that marine-related learning networks form in response to knowledge and action gaps and the specific needs of network members, and they function to inform policy and improve ocean management. Their success depends on attributes such as having a distinct purpose, building trust and relationships, emphasizing equitable participation, and supporting clear, sustained leadership. Marine-related learning networks are uniquely positioned to act as catalyzers and conduits to build capacity and develop solutions in response to governance needs through inclusive and collaborative responses to ongoing and emerging marine issues. As such, a broader understanding of their growing significance and the effective practices they employ is warranted.
Highlights
The decline in global ocean health is a serious threat to all aspects of human well-being and livelihoods (Bindoff et al, 2019) and the inefficiencies of long-standing ocean governance structures and attempts to transform them are widely recognized (Kelly et al, 2018)
We examine a collection of learning and knowledge networks that address marine issues and aim to benefit societies that depend on ocean resources, which we collectively refer to as “marine-related learning networks.”
Outcomes and Impacts Most marine-related learning networks in our study aim to support healthy marine environments and improve the lives of those who depend on ocean resources
Summary
The decline in global ocean health is a serious threat to all aspects of human well-being and livelihoods (Bindoff et al, 2019) and the inefficiencies of long-standing ocean governance structures and attempts to transform them are widely recognized (Kelly et al, 2018). Marine-Related Learning Networks amongst concerned actors leads to underperformance in longterm capacity building for problem solving (Chuenpagdee and Jentoft, 2013; Maxwell et al, 2015; Gill et al, 2017). Too often, they rely on one-size-fits-all management prescriptions and top-down, mono-disciplinary governance approaches, which fall short in addressing complex, transboundary ocean issues (Ostrom, 2007). The concepts of networks and network structures, which embrace these critical and inclusive approaches, are at the forefront of innovative solutions for the complex problems facing our oceans and the livelihoods of those who depend on them (Keast et al, 2004)
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