Abstract
Polysaccharides of marine origin are gaining interest as biomaterial components. Bacteria derived from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce sulfated exopolysaccharides (EPS), which can influence cell behavior. The use of such polysaccharides as components of organic, collagen fibril-based coatings on biomaterial surfaces remains unexplored. In this study, collagen fibril coatings enriched with HE800 and GY785 EPS derivatives were deposited on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) scaffolds produced by rapid prototyping and subjected to physicochemical and cell biological characterization. Coatings were formed by a self-assembly process whereby polysaccharides were added to acidic collagen molecule solution, followed by neutralization to induced self-assembly of collagen fibrils. Fibril formation resulted in collagen hydrogel formation. Hydrogels formed directly on Ti6Al4V surfaces, and fibrils adsorbed onto the surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of collagen fibril coatings revealed association of polysaccharides with fibrils. Cell biological characterization revealed good cell adhesion and growth on bare Ti6Al4V surfaces, as well as coatings of collagen fibrils only and collagen fibrils enhanced with HE800 and GY785 EPS derivatives. Hence, the use of both EPS derivatives as coating components is feasible. Further work should focus on cell differentiation.
Highlights
Metallic load-bearing implants for bone contact rely on the formation of new bone tissue on the implant surface
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Ti6Al4V Discs Coated with Collagen Fibrils and EPS Derivatives
We considered performing flow cytometry, but decided against it, because it would require cells to be removed from the EPS/collagen coated TiAl6V discs
Summary
Metallic load-bearing implants for bone contact rely on the formation of new bone tissue on the implant surface. GY785 EPS is a highly branched acidic heteropolysaccharide excreted by the deep-sea hydrothermal bacterium Alteromonas infernus [7] This naturally slightly sulfated polysaccharide is composed of a nonasaccharide repeating unit with the main chain containing glucose (Glc), galacturonic acid (GalA), and galactose (Gal) residues. Native HMW GY785 EPS and its low-molecular weight (LMW) chemically sulfated derivatives possess anti-coagulant [12] and anti-metastatic [13] properties, and favor chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells [14,15] These EPS derivatives can inhibit some processes involved in tissue breakdown and inflammation, such as induction of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) by inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and complement cascade [10,12,13,14,15]. The effect of the EPS derivatives on collagen fibril coating morphology and the attachment, morphology, and vitality of osteoblast-like MG63 cells was investigated
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