Abstract
Background: Most natural plants used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are limited to marine plants. To carry out applications, colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNps) should have appropriate properties such as homogeneous shapes, small and narrow particle size distribution, and long time stability. This study aims to determine the effects of a variable process of AgNps mediated mangrove Rhizophora stylosa (RS) leaf extract, and antibacterial activity. Methods: Synthesis of AgNps was carried out by stirring silver nitrate solution with aqueous extract. The characterization of AgNps was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) zetasizer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Reaction conditions such as the concentration of metal ions (0.001 M, 0.005 M, and 0.01 M), extracts (1%, 3%, and 5% v/v), and the reaction time on the size and stability of nanoparticles were also explored. Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption of colloidal AgNps in a wavelength range of 403–443 nm. TEM analysis showed that as-synthesized AgNps were spherical in shape with a size range of 5–87 nm. The use of 0.001 M and 0.005 M of Ag+ resulted in a smaller diameter than the synthesized AgNps, using 0.01 M Ag+, in the same extract concentration. The range of zeta potential was -24.9 mV to -27.7 mV. The as-synthesized AgNps were stable for more than one month. The XRD analysis showed four peaks, which were attributed to the face centered cubic crystal structure of metallic silver. The results of the silver nanoparticles synthesis showed good activity on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone between 4.1–7.2 mm. Conclusions: The AgNps synthesized with RS leaf extract, which is a reducing agent, showed good potential as an antibacterial component.
Highlights
Nanotechnology has become a new breakthrough in research, as it finds wide application, especially in biomedical fields.[1]
UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis The formation of silver nanoparticles in the samples were recognized by color changes from colorless to light yellow right after mixing the silver precursor and leaf extract (Table 1)
It was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis where AgNps provide specific peaks at a wavelength of about 403–443 nm
Summary
Nanotechnology has become a new breakthrough in research, as it finds wide application, especially in biomedical fields.[1]. The green synthesis of nanoparticles relies on the stability of silver nanoparticles of substances that are non-toxic, as well as solvents and reducing agents The effectiveness of this product is based on the size and shape of the particles.[3] To carry out applications, colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNps) should have appropriate physical and chemical properties such as homogeneous shapes, small and narrow particle size distribution, and long-time stability. Evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Reaction conditions such as the concentration of metal ions (0.001 M, 0.005 M, and 0.01 M), extracts (1%, 3%, and 5% v/v), and the reaction time on the size and stability of nanoparticles were explored. The results of the silver nanoparticles synthesis showed good activity on E scherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone between 4.1–7.2 mm
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