Abstract
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.
Highlights
The current article presents a systematic review of the preclinical pharmacology of the marine natural products literature in 2009–2011, with a similar format to previous reviews [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], and which resulted from extensive searches of several databases, including Marinlit, PubMed, Current Contents® and Chemical Abstracts®
During 2009–2011, 35 studies reported antibacterial marine natural products isolated from a diverse group of marine bacteria, ascidians, bryozoans, sponges, soft corals and algae, a persistent effort on which we have reported previously [7], and which continues to contribute to the global health challenge posed by drug-resistant bacteria
The global marine preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines remain remarkably active one year after U.S Food and Drug Administration approval of brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®), a conjugate between a monoclonal antibody that targets the cell-membrane protein CD30, an antigen which is highly expressed in lymphoid tumors, and several units of the potent antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E, a synthetic analog of the marine compound dolastatin 10 [237]
Summary
The current article presents a systematic review of the preclinical pharmacology of the marine natural products literature in 2009–2011, with a similar format to previous reviews [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], and which resulted from extensive searches of several databases, including Marinlit, PubMed, Current Contents® and Chemical Abstracts®. A Organism, Kingdom Animalia: ascidian (Phylum Chordata), bryozoa (Phylum Bryozoa), coral (Phylum Cnidaria), sea cucumber (Phylum Echinodermata), sponge (Phylum Porifera); Kingdom Monera: bacterium (Phylum Cyanobacteria); Kingdom Fungi: fungus; Kingdom Plantae: alga; b IC50: concentration of a compound required for 50% inhibition in vitro, *: estimated IC50; ND: not determined; +MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; ++MID: minimum inhibitory concentration per disk; b MMOA: molecular mechanism of action; c Country: AUS: Australia; BEL: Belgium; BRA: Brazil; CAN: Canada; CHE: Switzerland; CHN: China; COL: Colombia; CUB: Cuba; DEU: Germany; EGY: Egypt; FJI: Fiji; FRA: France; GBR: United Kingdom; ITA: Italy; JPN: Japan; MEX: Mexico; NCL: New Caledonia; NLD: The Netherlands; NOR: Norway; NZL: New Zealand; PAN: Panama; SGP: Singapore; ZAF: S. KOR: South Korea; THAI: Thailand; TWN: Taiwan; UK: United Kingdom; Chemistry: d Polyketide; e Terpene; f Nitrogen-containing compound; g Polysaccharide, modified as in the text; h Named as sulfites in the original paper
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