Abstract
Marine bioresources are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with industrial and nutraceutical potential. Numerous clinical trials evaluating novel chemotherapeutic agents derived from marine sources have revealed novel mechanisms of action. Recently, marine-derived bioactive peptides have attracted attention owing to their numerous beneficial effects. Moreover, several studies have reported that marine peptides exhibit various anti-infective activities, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, anti-tuberculosis, and antiviral activities. In the last several decades, studies of marine plants, animals, and microbes have revealed tremendous number of structurally diverse and bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the treatments available for many infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses are limited. Thus, the identification of novel antimicrobial peptides should be continued, and all possible strategies should be explored. In this review, we will present the structures and anti-infective activity of peptides isolated from marine sources (sponges, algae, bacteria, fungi and fish) from 2006 to the present.
Highlights
Marine organisms are important sources of bioactive molecules that have been used to treat various diseases
The ariakemicins were tested against a panel of microbial strains consisting of three gram-positive bacteria (Brevibacterium sp., S. aureus, and B. subtilis: 83 μg/mL), four gram-negative bacteria (Cytophaga marinoflava, Pseudovibrio sp., E. coli, and P. aeruginosa: 83 μg/mL), and a yeast (C. albicans)
Pseudodistoma antinboja by activity-guided fractionations [53]. These compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, and most of them exhibited moderate to significant activity that selectively targeted Gram-positive strains (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Kocuria rhizophila and B. subtilis; MIC = 0.2–12.5 μg/mL)
Summary
Marine organisms are important sources of bioactive molecules that have been used to treat various diseases. Despite tremendous progress in medicine, infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses are still a major threat to public health. Their impact is large in developing countries due to the lack of access to medicines and the emergence of widespread drug resistance. Marine peptides are specific protein fragments that in addition to acting as sources of nitrogen and amino acids have numerous potential physiological functions [7]. These peptides have been obtained from algae, fish, mollusk, crustacean, crab and marine bacteria and fungus. We will present the structures and anti-infective activity of peptides isolated from the main marine organisms and microorganisms of interest (sponges, algae, bacteria, fungi and fish) from 2006 to the present
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