Abstract

This paper, the second in a series, outlines the various methods that can be used to immobilize and protect an exposed outfall pipe that appears vulnerable to destabilizing agents such as waves, ice, logs, or fishing trawls. Measures covered include the placing of quarry rock or articulated concrete block mats, the driving of piles, and the installation of stapling arrangements. Case studies cover various specific outfalls where particular stabilization measures were employed. Environmental considerations are included.

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