Abstract
The increasing number of tankers and bulk carriers that may spend up to half their life in the ballast condition has meant that the amount of ballast water translocated has increased tremendously in recent years. Current figures suggest that worldwide some 10 billion tonnes of ballast water are translocated annually. This paper concentrates on bulk carriers, the ships that bring by far the largest amount of ballast into Australian waters; however all ships carry ballast in varying quantities and uptake location, not quantity, may be a factor in the pick up and transfer exotic marine organisms.
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