Abstract
As the largest phylum of animal kingdom, marine invertebrates are facing viral and bacterial infections. Marine invertebrates’ stress response is much more sensitive than other animals. Various stress factors, such as heat exposure, reactive O2, pollution, salinity, pH, ATP consumption, hypoxia, virus, and ammonia exposure, can cause various reactions of the innate immune system of marine invertebrates. There are many types of marine invertebrate stress responses, such as heat stress, oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, hypoxia stress, osmotic stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. At present, many kinds of marine invertebrates have been suffering from serious viral diseases for a long time. Effective strategies for the prevention and control of viral diseases are necessary. Further researches can provide a solid foundation for ecological equilibrium of marine invertebrates.
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