Abstract
The strain Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 was isolated from the sponge Axinella and identified according to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular sequence homology with Aspergillus species from the section Restricti. The strain was cultivated 9 days on potato dextrose broth (PDB), and the medium evaluated as antioxidant on primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). The cultivation broth was submitted to sterile filtration, lyophilized and used without any further processing to give the Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 cultivation broth ingredient named ACBB. ACCB contains two main compounds: tetrahydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin. Under oxidative stress, ACCB showed a significant promotion of cell viability. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the impact on a panel of hundreds of genes involved in fibroblast physiology was evaluated. Thus, ACCB stimulates cell proliferation (VEGFA, TGFB3), antioxidant response (GPX1, SOD1, NRF2), and extracellular matrix organization (COL1A1, COL3A1, CD44, MMP14). ACCD also reduced aging (SIRT1, SIRT2, FOXO3). These findings indicate that Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 cultivation broth exhibits significant in vitro skin protection of human fibroblasts under oxidative stress, making it a potential cosmetic ingredient.
Highlights
Oxidative stress plays a major role in premature skin aging through the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1,2,3]
Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 was isolated from the sponge Axinella collected on the upper mesophotic zone off Tel Aviv–Jaffa, Israeli Mediterranean coast (32◦ 10 42.431” N 34◦ 460 42.323” E)
This experiment revealed that, at low measuring the intracellular levels of ATP in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells. This experiment revealed that, at low concentrations of ACCB (0.05 μg/mL), ATP level is significantly enhanced, while even at high concentrations (1 μg/mL), no toxicity is observed compared to the control. This increase is associated with the enhancement of cell proliferation and energy metabolism of NHDF cells
Summary
Oxidative stress plays a major role in premature skin aging through the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1,2,3]. ROS-induced apoptosis of fibroblasts impacts the production of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid [4], resulting in wrinkle formation and skin sagging [5]. This explains the efforts of the academic and industrial sectors to discover bio-based ingredients that protect fibroblasts from ROS-induced damage. Marine ecosystems represent an untapped reservoir of bio-resources, producing secondary bioactive metabolites and attracting growing interest within the scientific community. Symbiotic fungi are the main producers of bioactive compounds, some of which have been mistakenly assigned to their hosts [6,7]
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